Lubrication System Maintenance

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There are  certain lubricating system service jobs that are more or less done automatically when an engine is repaired.For example,the oil pan is removed and cleaned during such engine overhaul jobs as replacing bearing or rings.When the crankshaft is removed,it is usual procedure to clean out the oil passages in the crankshaft.Also,the oil passages in the cylinder block should be cleaned out as part of the overhaul.

As a construction mechanic,you will be required to maintain the lubircation system.This maintenance normally consists of changing the oil and filters.Occasionally you will be required to perform such maintenance tasks as replacing lines and fittings,servicing or replacing the oil pump and relief valve,and flushing the system.the following discussion provides information that will aid you in carrying out these duties.

Oil and Filter Change

It is extremely important that the oil and dilters of the engine are serviced regularly.Lack of oil and filter maintenance will greatly shorten engine service life.manufacturers give a maximum number of miles or hours a vehicle can be operated between oil changes.Newer automotive vehicles can be operated 5000 miles between change.Older automotive vehicles should have their oil changed about every 3000 miles.Most construction equipment average between  200 and 250 hours of operation between oil changes.However,depending on the climate and working conditions the miles and hours between oil changes can be greatly reduced.Refer to the service manual for exact intervals.To change the engine oil,warm the engine to fulloperating temperature.This will help suspend debris in the oil and make the oil drain more thoroughly.Unscrew the drain plug and allow the oil to flow into a catchment pan be careful of hot oil,it can cause painful burns.

Usually the filter elements are replaced at the same time the oil is changed.The most common filters are the spin-on filter or replaceable element type oil filter.

Spin-on,throwaway oil filter-replaced as a complete unite.unscrew the filter from the base by hand or a filter wrench and throw the filter away.When replacing,wipe the base clean with a cloth and place a small amount of oil or grease on the gasket to ensure a good seal.Screw on a new filter,tightening at least  a half turn afeter the gasket contacts the base.Do not use a filter wrench because the filter canister could distort and leak.
Replaceable element oil filter - removed from the filter housing and replaced.Place a pan underneath the filter to catch oil from the filter.Remove the fastening bolt and lift off the cover or filter housing.Remove the gasket from the cover or housing and throw it away.Take out the old element and throw it away.Clean the inside of the filter housing and cover it.Install a new element and insert a new cover or housing gasket(ensure the gasket is completely seated in the recess).Replace the cover or housing and fasten it to the center bolt securely.

After the oil has been completely drained and the drain plug replaced,fill the crankcase to the full mark on the dipstick with the proper grade and weight of oil.Start and idle the engine.Check the oil pressure immediately.Inspect the filter or filter housing for leaks.Stop the engine and check the crankcase oil level and add to the full mark.  

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Lawrence Chang
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